CALENDAR OF EVENTS

General (lecture) meetings are held in the University of Colorado Museum, Dinosaur Room

Second Thursday of each Month, at 7:00 PM. The public is always welcome.

Dec 3 ??Christmas Party ?

7 PM, Home of Morey and Janet Stinson

See the map and details on Page 2.

Jan 7 Executive Board, Boulder Police Community Room, 7:30PM

Jan 14 IPCAS General Meeting, 7 PM. Bob Powell. Topic: Copan.

Feb 4 Executive Board, Boulder Police Community Room, 7:30PM

Feb 11 IPCAS General Meeting, 7 PM. Julie Francis

Topic: Rock Art.

Mar 4 Executive Board, Boulder Police Community Room, 7:30PM

Mar 11 IPCAS General Meeting, 7 PM. Rich Wilshusen

Topic: Southwestern Archaeology or Archaeology and The

Computer Data Base.

Apr 1 Executive Board, Boulder Police Community Rome, 7:30PM

Apr 8 IPCAS General Meeting, 7 PM. Larry Todd

Topic: Archaic Bison Hunters of Northern Colorado.

Map of Parking at CU Museum

May 5 Executive Board, Boulder Police Community Rome, 7:30PM

May 13 IPCAS General Meeting, 7 PM. Kevin Black

Topic: Human Burials.

1999 Officer Slate

The following are the officers and board member nominees for 1999. This Calumet is being published early to distribute information about the Christmas Party. It was mailed prior to the election. It is quite likely that the nominees will be elected in our traditional "voice approval of slate". Notice that President and three Board Members are still needed. Please Volunteer!

Inside This CALUMET

Calendar of Events 1

1999 Officer Slate 1

Christmas Party 2

Kennewick Man Articles 2

Arrowhead Myths 8

Membership Renewals 9

Calumet History & Now 9

BOD Meeting Minutes 9

Officers/Board Members 10

Membership Application 10

President Open

Vice-President Jim Morrell

Treasurer Dick Owens

Secretary Cheryl Damon

CAS Representative Cindy Miller

Professional Advisor Dr. Robert Brunswig

Project Information Officer Piper Prillaman

PAAC Coordinator Morey and Janet Stinson

Internet Manager Doak Heyser

Calumet Editor Tom Cree

Membership Director Mac Avery

Board Member Michael Braitberg

Board Member Leni Clubb

Board Member Ken Larson

Board Member Hilary Reynolds-Burton

Board Member Donna Shay

Board Member Russell Smith

Board Member Three positions open

CALUMET - December, 1998

Christmas Party

Home of Morey and Janet Stinson

7418 Park Circle

December 3 - 7 PM

Our annual event will be held at the Stinson home (see the map). The Stinsons will provide beverages and the service. We will have a pot-luck supper at the start of the party so please be prompt. Each person or couple attending should bring a hot dish to share, as well as either a dessert or salad item.

Every person should bring a "White Mammoth" gift for exchange. The item should be gift wrapped for the season and be an article that you are more than willing to part with. The exchange occurs as follows: each person brings a gift-wrapped item of some or little value; numbers are drawn and the person with number one picks and opens a gift; after any gift is opened, the person with the next number can choose a gift from the pile or take any prior opened gift; the person who has a gift taken can then take an unopened gift or a prior opened gift (except the one just taken); this process continues until no gifts remain. In the past, some gifts were of value, some were cute, some were beautiful, some were worthless, some were comical - all are welcome. Humorous items are encouraged.

Kennewick Man

Editor's Note: The debate regarding the earliest migrations of ancient peoples into the American continent has raged for many years. Evidence has been presented, then refuted, then re-appraised. But in most scientific debates, the controversy continues until a single, defining discovery or event occurs. I believe that the Kennewick Man may prove to be the discovery that catalyzes the arguments into a more defined position - it may bring hypothesis into principle.

The next pages contain a number of articles from the internet that reflect many points of view on the Kennewick Man.

CALUMET - December, 1998

Kennewick Man - Latest News

Kennewick, Washington - Kennewick Man, a collection of 9,000-year-old bones that has stirred up a legal fight and anthropologists from Washington state to Washington, D.C., is moving to Seattle.

The 1996 discovery on the banks of the Columbia River in south-central Washington has been called significant at least in part because of the questions raised about the skeleton's origin. Carbon-dated at 9,300 to 9,600 years old, Kennewick Man is the oldest and most complete human skeleton found in the Northwest and one of the oldest on the continent.

Was the Kennewick Man a Homicide Victim?

By Diedtra Henderson

Seattle Times Science Reporter

Talk about your unsolved murder mysteries: The death of Kennewick Man may have been among the Pacific Northwest's earliest homicides. Yesterday, for the first time, a slide was shown of all of the skeleton's bones, lined up on a table as a sleeping man might lie. The remains are among the oldest - dated at 9,200 years - and most-complete ancient human remains found in North America. The slide was shown by private forensic anthropologist Jim Chatters of Richland, who along with a number of the nation's leading archaeologists, was in Seattle yesterday for the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Close-up slides showed a 2- by 5-centimeter Cascade-style spear point with a rounded base deeply embedded in the ancient man's pelvis.

The Kennewick Man died after a rough life; he had a half-dozen fractured ribs, arthritis in the knees and hands and limited use of his left arm, probably because of a pinched nerve, Chatters said. Those were the insults. The injury that capped them all was the spear point in the right side of his pelvis. From the buildup of bone material around the andesite, granitelike point and signs of later infection, Chatters surmised the wound had contributed substantially to Kennewick Man's death. "I think Jim Chatters reads the data right," said Rob Bonnichsen, director of the Center for the Study of the First Americans at Oregon State University. The Kennewick Man "was shot in the hip. There was reactive bone growth." The point, a stone spearhead, appears on its bigger side to be a Cascade point. If so, it would represent the earliest Cascade point.

What's less clear is who threw the spear. Was it a Cain vs. Abel fight between brethren? Did Kennewick Man stumble into hostile territory? No one knows for sure. The answer could have been in Kennewick Man's personal belongings, had they been recovered. It's thought he died elsewhere and washed up along the Columbia River near Kennewick, where the remains were found in July 1996.

"It would be nice to know what his spear kit looked like," said Dennis Stanford, chairman of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History's Anthropology Department. Other early arrivals to this continent, the so-called Paleo-Americans, also bear witness to a violent world. Consider a set of remains that have been found in Nevada. The left side of the skull was depressed and fractured from a massive blow, Stanford said.

Who killed Kennewick Man is just one item in a long list of questions about the remains. The Umatilla Indians led a coalition of Native-American tribes that argue the remains are those of an ancestor they call the Ancient One. Scientists filed suit for access to the bones and the site where they were found. Chatters and others suggest Kennewick Man's face - especially his cheekbones, pointed chin and flaring jaw - more closely resembles people who live in southern and central Asia rather than the ancestors of modern Native Americans.

Human Remains Should Be Reburied

By Armand Minthorn, September 1996

Board of Trustees member and religious leader with the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation

In the summer of 1996 a human burial, believed to be about 9,000 years old, was discovered near Columbia Park in Kennewick, Washington. Scientists and others want to study this individual. They believe that he should be further desecrated for the sake of science, and for their own personal gain. The people of my tribe, and four other affected tribes, strongly believe that the individual must be re-buried as soon as possible. My tribe has ties to this individual because he was uncovered in our traditional homeland -- a homeland where we still retain fishing, hunting, gathering, and other rights under our 1855 Treaty with the US Government.

CALUMET - December, 1998

Like any inadvertent discovery of ancestral human remains, this is a very sensitive issue for me and my tribe. Our religious beliefs, culture, and our adopted policies and procedures tell us that this individual must be re-buried as soon as possible. Our elders have taught us that once a body goes into the ground, it is meant to stay there until the end of time.

It is not our practice to publicize these types of discoveries, both for the protection of the individual as well as sensitivity to our tribal members. In this case, however, we must take the opportunity this incident has created to help educate the general public about the laws governing these discoveries and what these discoveries mean to us, as Indians. We also hope to give people a better understanding of why this is such a sensitive issue.

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) and Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA), as well as other federal and state laws, are in place to prevent the destruction of, and to protect, human burials and cultural resources. The laws also say that authorities must notify affected Tribes and consult with tribal officials on how to handle the discovery, as well as protection and preservation. Our Tribe was not properly notified and if we had been, this difficult situation might have been avoided. Under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, tribes are allowed to file a claim to have ancestral human remains reburied. My tribe has filed a claim for this individual and when it is approved, we will rebury him and put him back to rest.

In filing this claim, we have the support of the four other tribes who potentially have ties to this individual. These tribes are the Yakama, Nez Perce, Colville, and Wanapum. We share the same religious belief, traditional practices, as well as oral histories that go back 10,000 years. If this individual is truly over 9,000 years old, that only substantiates our belief that he is Native American. From our oral histories, we know that our people have been part of this land since the beginning of time. We do not believe that our people migrated here from another continent, as the scientists do.

We also do not agree with the notion that this individual is Caucasian. Scientists say that because the individual's head measurement does not match ours, he is not Native American. We believe that humans and animals change over time to adapt to their environment. And, our elders have told us that Indian people did not always look the way we look today.

Some scientists say that if this individual is not studied further, we, as Indians, will be destroying evidence of our own history. We already know our history. It is passed on to us through our elders and through our religious practices. Scientists have dug up and studied Native Americans for decades. We view this practice as desecration of the body and a violation of our most deeply held religious beliefs. Today thousands of native human remains sit on the shelves of museums and institutions, waiting for the day when they can return to the earth, and waiting for the day that scientists and others pay them the respect they are due.

Our tribal policies and procedures, and our own religious beliefs, prohibit scientific testing on human remains. Our beliefs and policies also tell us that this individual must be re-buried as soon as possible. Our religion and our elders have taught us that we have an inherent responsibility to care for those who are no longer with us. We have a responsibility to protect all human burials, regardless of race. We are taught to treat them all with the same respect.

Many people are asking if there's any chance for a compromise in this issue. We remind them that not only has this individual already been compromised, but our religious beliefs have once again been compromised. Many non-Indians are looking for a compromise -- a compromise that fits their desires. And, many non-Indians are trying to bend the laws to fit their desires. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act was passed by Congress in 1990 to protect Native American burials and set in place a mechanism to have human remains and artifacts returned to the tribes.

We are trying to ensure that the federal government lives up to its own laws, as well as honoring our policies, procedures, and religious beliefs. We understand that non-Indian cultures have different values and beliefs than us, but I ask the American people to please understand our stance on this issue. We are not trying to be troublemakers, we are doing what our elders have taught us -- to respect people, while they're with us and after they've become part of the earth.

CALUMET - December, 1998

Kennewick Man Time-Line

>From the Kennewick Man Virtual Interpretive Center on the Internet.

24,000 BCE Likely early crossings of land bridge across Bering Strait

7,200 BCE Kennewick Man lives and dies

4,000 BCE Earliest known form of wheel in use

2,613 BCE Great Pyramids of Egypt begin to be built

4 BCE Christ born

July 28, 1996 Kennewick Man skeleton found in Columbia River during annual hydroplane races

August 28, 1996 Kennewick Man bones dated at 9,200 years old

September 13, 1996 Army Corps of Engineers says it will give bones to American Indians for reburial

October 17, 1996 Eight scientists begin legal battle to study Kennewick Man

June 27 1997 Judge criticizes corps' handling of case and demands answers about how they will proceed

July 30, 1997 Army Corps of Engineers admits it gave Indians access to Kennewick Man

August 27, 1997 Asatru Folk Assembly holds ceremonies at site of discovery and with ancient bones

November 13, 1997 U.S. Rep. Richard "Doc" Hastings pushes bill to amend NAGPRA and allow study of

Kennewick Man bones

December 15, 1997 Scientists study Kennewick Man site, make exciting geological discoveries

April 1, 1998 Army Corps of Engineers gives Kennewick Man to Department of Interior

April 6, 1998 Army Corps of Engineers buries Kennewick Man site

June 9, 1998 Clinton administration opposes bill to allow study of Kennewick Man

June 17, 1998 Out-of-court mediation between parties begins

July 2, 1998 Department of Interior drafts plan to allow study of Kennewick Man

October, 1998 Kennewick Man remains transferred to Seattle for study

Interview With Smithsonian Paleo Anthropologist Dennis Stanford

The following is taken from a video recorded in March of 1997.

Dr. Dennis Stanford is the chairman of the Anthropology Department at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

It's been a real exciting time in Paleo Indian studies the last year or two - we've just learned so much about Paleo Indians or the first people in the Americas. And it's totally changed our point of view on the evolution of early cultures in the New World and their ties to the Old World.

If you read your textbooks, Clovis are thought to be the first people into the New World, (North America) via Siberia. But when you look at the archeology of Siberia, which we have now had ample opportunity to do in the last few years, there really is not much in Siberia that is a direct Clovis predecessor. Consequently, we've been - or at least, I've been, convinced that Clovis is a New World invention and developed from a population of people that were already in North America. In fact, the Smithsonian has been working along with researchers in Tennesee and in the Southeast in particular where we have the largest (and oldest) concentration of Clovis artifacts anywhere in North America. But if Clovis did develop in the Southeast, who did Clovis develop from? When did that happen? And where did those people come from? Was it Siberia or was it someplace else?

These are really exciting questions and what brings that to real immediate attention are the findings that physical anthropologists have been making in the last few years and particularly in the last few months, of human skeletons which have been found from this time period, the Paleo Indian time period. There's less then ten and if you cut off the time period at ten thousand years, there's probably less than four skeletons of that age. But as they began to examine these skeletons, and there's been some really good ones found, they did not appear to be classic Indian. And in fact they have a number of caucasoid traits and if you look at them in a world wide perspective, the physical traits appear to be more in line with an early population that probably spread across Northeastern Europe into Asia and even into the Japanese Islands. And based on the recent discoveries of Kennewick Man in Washington, Spirit Cave and the latest discovery in Southwest Alaska, of a mandible in a cave site up there, this appears to be the case that our first Americans were indeed from this earlier, pre northern Asian population. And it's really critical that we be able to capitalize and study the few very rare remains we have. There are just so many questions that can be resolved on the peopling of the Americas if we have a full scale study of each and every one of these specimens that are found.

CALUMET - December, 1998

>From looking at the artifactual evidence we now have from North America and from Northeast Asia as well as the physical remains, it's very clear to me, at least, that we are looking at multiple migrations through a very long time period - of many different peoples of many different ethnic origins, if you will, that came in at different times. Some of these people probably survived, some of them may have gone back home and some of them probably did not survive. And by sudying all these skeletons, particularly the DNA and the morphological differences and similarities, we'll be able to - I think eventually, figure out how many groups and from where they came. And it's clear that we have to have a very broad mind about the issue and not ignore some seemingly impossible migration theories.

To talk about some of the migration routes that are being considered as plausible now that we wouldn't have even considered several years ago, there's some thought that perhaps Clovis technology came from Europe. We would have been hooted right out of the lecture hall if we had said that a few years ago. The idea is based on several things that are now beginning to emerge from our research in the Southeast where it appears that Clovis may actually have its earliest sites.

If we look at Clovis technology, and the Clovis technology of North America is relatively unique in the world, it's a bifacial technology. In bifacial, I'm referring to the fact that the artifact, here you can see that there are flake scars on this side of the specimen and when we turn it over there are flake scars on the opposite side - hence the name bifacial. And this is opposed to artifacts that are unifacial. Most of the classic Upper Paleolithic cultures of Eurasia are unifacial. There are some bifacial manufacturing technologies in that part of the world and one of them is the Solutrean. This is a replica of a Solutrean biface which is commonly found in France and down through the Iberian peninsula. It is older than Clovis but not that much older. This technology is very, very close to the Clovis technology. There are some differences but you do get the bifaces and you get caches. I think caches are important. In Clovis we find a lot of caches of these bifacial artifacts as we do in the Solutrean. The caches are normally associated with red ochre. We don't know the significance of the red ochre but they are both in Solutrean and Clovis. They may well have adapted to a maritime economy and become very familiar with watercraft. It wouldn't take too much for an intelligent person to learn how to handle the ocean and perhaps even get to North America. Now this is really an off the wall kind of idea right now but it's one that I don't think we should ignore. And I think we will see scholars begin to look at that idea. I know that some folks are going to be looking at DNA comparisons between hair found in Solutrean sites versus hair found in Clovis age sites to see if there is any link that way as well as looking at the technology in more detail and depth. In fact there is going to be an exhibit comparing Clovis caches with Solutrean caches at the type site of Solutre in France this coming summer which should be real exciting. We're going to go over with some of our Clovis caches and be able to look at that material first hand and I'm really looking forward to that.

Kennewick Man

By James C. Chatters

Encounter with an Ancestor - The discovery of a human ancestor variously referred to as Kennewick or Richland Man has shed light on the complexity of human immigration to the Western Hemisphere and ignited a controversy that may affect the future of paleoanthropology in the United States.

Discovery - On July 28, 1996 two young men encountered a human skull in the Columbia River at Kennewick, Washington. That evening I was contacted by Coroner Floyd Johnson, for whom I conduct skeletal forensics. I joined him at the site and helped police recover much of the skeleton. During the next month, under an ARPA permit issued by the Walla Walla District Corps of Engineers, I recovered more wave-scattered bones from the reservoir mud. Throughout the process, I maintained contact with the Corps, which interacted with two local Indian Tribes.

The completeness and unusually good condition of the skeleton, presence of caucasoid traits, lack of definitive Native-American characteristics, and the association with an early homestead led me to suspect that the bones represented a European settler. I first began to question this when I detected a gray object partially healed within the right ilium. CT scans revealed the 20 by 54mm base of a leaf-shaped, serrated Cascade projectile point typical of Southern Plateau assemblages from 8500 BP to 4500 BP. However, similar styles were in use elsewhere in western North America and Australia into the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, the point raised the possibility of great antiquity, while the skeleton's traits argued for the early nineteenth century. We either had an ancient individual with physical characteristics unlike later native peoples' or a trapper/explorer who'd had difficulties with "stone-age" peoples during his travels. To resolve this issue, the Coroner ordered radiocarbon and DNA analyses.

CALUMET - December, 1998

Forensic Observations - I conducted a standard forensic examination and measurements with assistance from Central Washington University student Scott Turner, and photographed the skull, teeth, and pathologies. Physical anthropologists Catherine J. MacMillan of Central Washington University and Grover S. Krantz of Washington State University examined the skeleton briefly. Kenneth Reid, Rainshadow Research, helped identify the projectile point. Kenneth Lagergren, DDS interpreted dental X-rays, and Kennewick General Hospital CT scanned the right innominate and cross-sections of longbones. AMS dating was conducted by Donna Kirner of the University of California at Riverside, who also measured amino acid composition and stable C and N ratios. Frederika Kaestle of the University of California, Davis attempted DNA extraction.

The skeleton is nearly complete, missing only the sternum and a few small bones of hands and feet. All teeth were present at the time of death. This was a male of late middle age (40-55 years), and tall (170 to 176cm), slender build. He had suffered numerous injuries, the most severe of which were compound fractures of at least 6 ribs and apparent damage to his left shoulder musculature, atrophy of the left humerus due to the muscle damage, and the healing projectile wound in his right pelvis. The lack of head flattening from cradle board use, minimal arthritis in weight-bearing bones, and the unusually light wear on his teeth distinguish the behavior and diet of Kennewick Man from that of more recent peoples in the region. A fragment of the fifth left metacarpal analyzed by AMS has an isotopically corrected age of 8410 +/- 60 BP (UCR 3476) (ca 7300 to 7600 BC). Amino acids and stable isotopes indicate heavy dependence on anadromous fish. DNA was intact, but two partially completed extractions were inconclusive.

The man lacks definitive characteristics of the classic mongoloid stock to which modern Native Americans belong. The skull is dolichocranic (cranial index 73.8) rather than brachycranic, the face narrow and prognathous rather than broad and flat. Cheekbones recede slightly and lack an inferior zygomatic projection; the lower rim of the orbit is even with the upper. Other features are a long, broad nose that projects markedly from the face and high round orbits. The mandible is v-shaped, with a pronounced, deep chin. Many of these characteristics are definitive of modern-day caucasoid peoples, while others, such as the orbits, are typical of neither race. Dental characteristics fit Turner's (1983) Sundadont pattern, indicating possible relationship to south Asian peoples.

Current Status - On August 30, 1997 four days after the startling radiocarbon result, the Corps insisted all studies be terminated and soon took possession of the skeleton. After publishing their intent to repatriate the remains to an alliance of five tribes and bands--Umatilla, Yakama, Nez Perce, Wanapum and Colville--the Corps received numerous requests for scientific study from citizens, congressmen and anthropologists. The Colville then filed a separate claim of their own. A group of internationally-known archaeologists and physical anthropologists filed suit, asserting that NAGPRA does not apply to this case and seeking the opportunity for study. The Asutru Folk Assembly, a traditional European religion, also sued for the right to determine if this individual was their ancestor. The Umatilla, who have taken the lead on the issue, intend immediate reburial in a secret location. The remains now lie in a federal repository awaiting resolution.

The Unknown and Unknowable - The Kennewick discovery, along with other recent finds in Nevada, may significantly alter conventional views of how, when, and by whom the Americas were peopled. If the Corps persists in its refusal to allow additional studies and decides on immediate repatriation, experts will lose the chance to directly examine this rare phenomenon. Although I have studied him extensively and learned much about his life, our descendants--of whatever ethnicity-- will lose the broader view that only multiple perspectives can provide. Data that might be used for such studies in lieu of actual bones remain incomplete as of this writing. When the remains were seized, I had yet to take measured photographs of the postcranial skeleton, and I was still waiting for specialized equipment for state-of-the-art skull measurement. Furthermore, DNA was well preserved and, if restrictive enzyme analysis and detailed sequencing were completed, we might ultimately learn this man's relationship to other peoples of his time and ours. In broader view, reburial without study may set a precedent that forecloses the opportunity for study of most future paleoAmerican finds.

Much, however, is beyond our reach regardless of political outcomes. No matter how long we might study the Kennewick man we would never know the form or color of his eyes, skin and hair, whether his hair was curly or straight, his lips thin or full -- in short many of the characteristics by which we judge living peoples' racial affiliation. We will never be certain if his wound was by accident or intent, what language he spoke, or his religious beliefs. We cannot know if he is truly anyone's ancestor. Given the millennia since he lived, he may be sire to none or all of us.

This article originally appeared in the "Newsletter of the American Anthropological Association."

CALUMET - December, 1998

Get to the Point!

Note: This information was retrieved from an article on the internet - topic: arrowheads.

"The quintessential archaeological artifact, in the North American continent anyway, is the projectile point. And, probably because they are so immediately recognizable, points are often the subject of a number of misconceptions. I would like to take a few moments and debunk a few common myths about the old arrowhead.

First, let's define terms. The University of California at Santa Barbara's Anthromorphemics defines a projectile point as "An inclusive term for arrow, spear or dart-point. Characterized by a symmetrical point, a relatively thin cross-section and some element to allow attachment to the projectile shaft. Flaked stone projectile points are usually classified by their outline form."

Myth Number 1: The smallest point types are called bird points because they were used to kill birds and small game.

Experimental archaeology has shown that even the smallest of points can kill a deer and probably a bison. These are true arrowheads, in that they were attached to arrows and shot with a bow.

Myth Number 2: The hafted tools with the round ends are blunt points, meant for stunning the prey rather than killing it.

You think I'm making this stuff up, don't you? No, so called "blunt points" are reworked projectile points, and usually were scrapers of some sort.

Myth Number 3: All of the projectile points that are found were used for arrowheads.

This is sort of interesting; more and more research has shown that use-wear on some of the larger hafted tools is confined to a long edge, suggesting that they may have been used as hafted knives.

Myth Number 4. The reason you see so many projectile points around is there was a lot of warfare between tribes in prehistory.

Investigation of blood residues on stone projectile points reveal that the DNA on the majority of stone tools are from animals, not human.

Myth Number 5. The reason you see so many projectile points is because Native Americans were all practicing hunting and gathering before Columbus came.

On the contrary; just before Columbus landed, most (not all) of the Native American peoples were at least partially sedentary, and farming or practicing horticulture or agriculture. The reason you see so many projectile points is because for something like 12,000 years people on the North American continent have been using projectile points for hunting.

Myth Number 6. Arrowheads were made by heating a rock and then dripping water on it.

I don't know where this one came from, but it is completely false. Making a stone point, a process often called flint-knapping, takes a great deal of time and skill, as many of the members of Knappers Anonymous could attest.

C H E R Y L D A M O N

M o r e y S t e n s o n

CALUMET - December, 1998

Membership Renewals

The following members have renewals due in December:

Mac Avery, Barbara Mallot, Steve Montgomery, William Rosquist, Thomas Van Zandt.

The following members have renewals due in February:

.Tracey and Bruce Derheim, Carolyn C. Hansen, and Elaine Hill.

The Calumet - 10 Years Ago

Dr. Mort Turner gave an INSTARR Noon Seminar on "Geoarchaeology and Glacial Geology in Southwestern Montana". Rick and Sue Lippincott hosted the annual Christmas Party at the Friendship Hall in Erie. The first quarterly meeting of the State CAS was scheduled to be held in Ca(on City in January. The officers for 1989 were: President - Bill Maxon; Vice-President - Bill Boyle; Secretary - Ann Phillips; Treasurer - Jeannie Hamilton. A Belize Study Tour was offered in March to the Tropical Learning Center at Point Palencia.

The Calumet - 5 Years Ago

After 16 years of research, Tom Meier (an IPCAS member), found evidence that contradicts the precise date that the first white settlers were believed to have come to Boulder. The new date is December 21, 1858 for a camp set up in what is now Settlers Park at the west end of Pearl Street. Pete Gleichman commented about Rock Creek excavation, "This is one of the most active sites this far east. I don't know of another one comparable in Boulder County". The Rock Creek excavations were backfilled by Boulder County equipment operators, the project having been completed.

October Board of Directors Meeting

Meeting called to order on October 1st at 7:30 PM at the Boulder Police Dept. Present: Avery, Cree, Damon, Holien, Landem, Larsen, Miller, Montgomery, Morrell, Patterson, Shay, Smith, and Stinson.

Secretary's Report: (Holien) September minutes approved.

Treasurer's Report: (Owens) Balance $1381.81.

Vice President's Report: (Patterson) Lecture Schedule is complete through May 1999.

President's Report: (Landem) IPCAS post office box rental has been paid. Web Site Assistant Editors are needed.

Unfinished Business:

Surveys/Excavations: Status

1. Cabin Survey: Cree - scheduled for October 4.

2. Magnolia: Looks promising for next spring.

New Business: Nominations were accepted for IPCAS Board members and officers. Breakdown of October Calumets: 42 sent to paid membership, 41 sent to overdue membership, 51 sent as complimentary issues. Shay will contact overdue members.

Meeting adjourned at 8:20 PM. - Kris Holien, Secretary -

November Board of Directors Meeting

Meeting called to order on November 5th at 7:30 PM at the Boulder Police Dept. Present: Cree, Holien, Kindig, Landem, Morrell, Owens, Patterson, J. Stinson, and guest, Piper Prillaman.

Secretary's Report: (Holien) October minutes approved.

Treasurer's Report: (Owens) Balance $1404.46.

Vice President's Report: (Patterson) Lecture schedule is firm through May 1999.

President's Report: (Landem) Continuing work on Web Site, SW Lore & Calumet. Magnolia Project: need P.I. Prillaman volunteered to inventory private lithic collection.

Unfinished Business: Upcoming Election: Still need nominee for President. Prillaman agreed to be Project Information nominee. Will ask for nominees to the Board from the floor at next General Meeting.

Christmas Party: Thursday, December 3 at Stinsons.

New Business: Motion passed for IPCAS to host CAS Quarterly meeting in July, 1999. IPCAS will get 8 CAS cookbooks to sell. Agreement to continue to publish membership list in January Calumet. Motion passed for preliminary approval to assist USFS with Willow Bunker Project on Pawnee National Grassland with volunteers, possibly in April.

Meeting adjourned at 8:30 PM. - Kris Holien, Secretary -

1998 Officers and Board Members

President Michael Landem (303) 499-9877 mlandem@netone.com

Vice-President Martha Patterson (303) 651-2596 mmpatte@uswest.net

Treasurer Dick Owens (303) 650-4784 rowens@creosintl.com

Secretary Kristine Holien (970) 586-8982 kris_holien@nps.gov

CAS Representative Sloan Schwindt (303) 530-5712

Professional Advisor Jean Kindig (303) 443-1702 archaeomom@idcomm.com

Project Information Laura Viola (303) 442-2019

PAAC Coordinator Morey/Janet Stinson (303) 530-7727 mstinson@cris.com

Internet Manager Doak Heyser (303) 678-5728 doak@indra.com

Calumet Editor Tom Cree (303) 776-7004 tlc@lanminds.net

Membership Director Mac Avery (303) 499-3455 averycompany@sprintmail.com

Board Member Michael Braitberg (303) 443-7190 mbrait@ix.netcom.com

Board Member Leni Clubb (760) 358-7835 leniwaa@inreach.com

Board Member Cheryl Damon (303) 678-8076 cherdam@compuserve.com

Board Member Ann Hayes (303) 494-3773 annhayes@compuserve.com

Board Member Ken Larson (303) 469-2228 kglarson@ix.netcom.com

Board Member Cindy Miller (303) 415-9564 cindy@cindymiller.com

Board Member Steve Montgomery (303) 443-4414

Board Member Jim Morrell (303) 652-2874 jmorrell@gateway.net

Board Member Hilary Reynolds-Burton (303) 530-1229 hilary@plugin.com

Board Member Donna Shay (303) 443-3273

Board Member Russell Smith (303) 776-5503 rdsmith@lanminds.net

Please check the club web-site at: http//www.coloradoarchaeology.org

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION - INDIAN PEAKS CHAPTER

____ Individual $25 / Year ____ New __________ Date

____ Family $28 / Year ____ Renewal

NAME ___________________________ TELEPHONE (____)__________

ADDRESS ________________________ E-MAIL ____________________

CITY _____________________________ STATE ______ ZIP___________

Please make check payable to: Indian Peaks Chapter, CAS

Mail to: PO Box 18301

Boulder, CO 80308-1301

When you join or renew you will receive the Calumet, our monthly newsletter, and

Southwestern Lore, the quarterly publication of the Colorado Archaeological Society.

And you will have opened the door to Colorado Archaeology.

CALUMET

Newsletter of the Indian Peaks Chapter

of the Colorado Archaeological Society

P.O. Box 18301

Boulder, CO 80308-1301 �6

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