February 12 IPCAS General Meeting, 7 PM, University of Colorado Museum.

Kim Malville. Topic: The Astronomy of Chimney Rock.

J. McKim Malville and Claudia Putnam developed the theory of Chimney Rock as an astronomical observatory in their book Prehistoric Astronomy in the Southwest, available from Johnson Books in Boulder, Colorado.

Chimney Rock Archaeological Area

Anasazi Astronomy in Colorado's San Juan National Forest

by Bill Greer

You look at the profile of the land to see it as it was when man first climbed up. Coming out of the New Mexican desert,

it looks like the first rolling slopes that lead into the Colorado mountains. As you ascend, you realize you are climbing

the side of a flat-topped ridge lifted out of the flatlands, not starting the rounded foothills that will give way to the peaks.

At the top, you stand at the base of a triangle formed by the mesa, with

Stollmeister Creek and the Piedras River running 1000 feet below on the east

and the west. The triangle narrows as you move along the gradual slope, and

the terraces tumbling down to the streams stepped into rocky cliffs. At the

apex, you stand on a narrow ledge, able to peer down both sides. Your eyes

are drawn ahead to another smaller triangle of land spreading out before you,

then to the two eroded spires rising beyond which give the Chimney Rock Archaeological Area its name.

Map of Parking at CU Museum

Inside This CALUMET

February Topic 1

Calendar of Events 3

January Meeting 3

Big Rock Site Article 4

Volunteer Opportunities 5

Spring PAAC Classes 7

Membership Renewals 8

On the Internet 8

White Rocks Request 9

Calumet History & Now 9

December Board Meeting 9

Officers/Board Members 10

Membership Application 10

The land mass camouflages the community of several hundred souls that settled it around the 10th century. They occupied the fringes of Anasazi society, driven from the downstream valleys as the environment deteriorated and the land could no longer support their numbers. This new home with its shortened growing season barely accommodated their agriculture, and it isolated them as their brethren to the south and west advanced their civilizations. But it offered a rich flora and fauna, allowing them to revert to the outmoded hunter and gatherer ways to supplement their subsistence.

You see the ghosts amidst the rubble of a dozen abandoned villages. A cluster of round pit-houses form a village, each barely sunk before the diggers hit bedrock and ringed it with thick stone walls. The living space is outfitted with the essentials of home: a fire hearth, a ventilator shaft, post holes for supporting the roof beams, storage bins, rectangular rooms adjoining at ground level. If you let your mind run, you can picture the families carrying out the daily routine. The men descend in the morning to the fields carved along the riverbanks and spend the day tending the corn and beans. The women follow, collecting plants on the way down but straining as they haul water back up. You hear women gossip as they grind corn in a communal milling area or fire pottery. Stone axes ring as the men quarry sandstone or fell timber for their building. On occasion, the communities congregate in a larger round structure to discuss secular problems or perform religious ritual.

CALUMET - February, 1998

As the 11th century neared its close, strangers began to encroach, coming north from the cities of Chaco. The Chacoans had engineered a wide network of roadways and out-lying communities extending from the center of their civilization in a New Mexico canyon. They were pushing beyond its limits to impose their will on Chimney Rock. Were they seeking timber for the Great Houses they were building in their homeland? Or converts to a primitive religion? Or simply to conquer more peoples and satisfy a hunger for power?

As you cross the ledge leading to the upper triangle, the invaders' domination manifests itself. The foundations of a Great House cover the spit of land. A retaining wall holds landfill out of which a great Kiva has been dug. Climbing the wall, you can look into the round pit and explore the dozens of rooms that surround an even larger Kiva. Transporting yourself back in time, an army of laborers carries stone and timber and water to the building site. Skilled masons carve the sandstone that bricks the facades. Their apprentices climb the scaffolding to the upper stories and dump rubble into the walls' interiors. Architects true the rounding of the Kivas. The overseer urges the work on, planning his report to the Chacoan elite who hold the military or religious magic that binds the pieces together.

Still, the motivations remain hidden. The Chacoans seemed to be designing something different here. Other Great Houses spreading into southern Colorado were laid at regular intervals along the highways. Dense settlements surrounded them. But at Chimney Rock, the complex was situated on a high promontory, away from the villages. No roads ran near. No other houses were placed at the standard distances. Even the design was altered, as the shallow bedrock prevented the Kivas from being burrowed into the earth.

A snowy night late in the 11th century may unveil the secret. The elite are gathered on the Kiva walls staring at the twin silhouettes of the pinnacles overlooking the Great House. A guard mans his post on the ledge, holding back the masses enthralled by the ritual occurring above. The shamans intone sacred chants prepared for this culmination of years of observing heavenly bodies and changing seasons. Slowly, a glow rises between the two chimneys and the bright orb of the full moon at winter solstice slides up the gap. The crowd below gapes in wonder, and the leaders marvel at the mystery of the twin gods. The shamans know that the miraculous event will not be repeated for 18 years when the solstice moonrise again reaches its northern most point.

Chimney Rock Archaeological Area is located about 50 miles from Durango and 25 miles from Pagosa Springs, Colorado. Take U.S. highway 160 east from Durango or west from Pagosa Springs to Colorado highway 151 and turn south. The entrance is 5 to 10 miles further, on the right. You can also take New Mexico highway 511 north 33 miles from the Navajo Reservoir to Ignacio, Colorado to meet the other end of highway 151, then turn right and go about 30 miles.

Chimney Rock is open seasonally from May 15 to September 15. (Unfortunately that means you cannot see the winter moonrise between the pinnacles at 18 year intervals.) Tours start at 9:30, 10:30, 1:00 and 2:00, and last two and a half hours. The tour is a good walk, but anyone in reasonable physical condition can do it. The cost is $3 for adults, $2 for children 5 to 11, and free for children under 5. You may want to confirm this information by calling the

You will be met at the entrance station by a volunteer with the San Juan National Forest Association. He or she will lead the vehicles to the top of the mesa, then guide the walking tour of the area. The tour starts with the original settlements, including a couple of excavated villages, a "great kiva" (whose true function remains a mystery), and several unexcavated sites. You then proceed across the ledge to the Chacoan Great House, where you can wander through largely restored ruins. From the Great House, you get a spectacular view back to see the mesa in profile, the San Juan Mountains to the east, and the Piedras River valley to the west. And of course, a view of the 300-foot pinnacles, Companion Rock closest and Chimney Rock just beyond. An old fire lookout stands above the Great House, which provides another vista of the chimneys and the surrounding area, but it is a bit out of place among the remnants of the Anasazi.

Florence C. Lister has written an entertaining book on the archaeology of Chimney Rock and the surrounding area, entitled In the Shadow of the Rocks: Archaeology of the Chimney Rock District in Southern Colorado, published by the University Press of Colorado in Niwot, Colorado. This book was available at the entrance station during my visit, or can be ordered by writing to the San Juan National Forest Association, P.O. Box 2261, Durango, CO 81302.

CALUMET - February, 1998

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

General (lecture) meetings are held in the University of Colorado Museum, Dinosaur Room

Second Thursday of each Month, at 7:00 PM. The public is always welcome.

February 5 Executive Board, Boulder Police Community Room, 7:30 PM

February 12 IPCAS General Meeting, 7 PM. Kim Malville. Topic: The Astronomy of Chimney Rock.

IPCAS Member Kim Malville, CU Professor of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences, will describe his work at the Chimney Rock Site in southwestern Colorado. Because of its unique topography, Chimney Rock contains a number potential calendrical stations which may have sent calendrical information to Chaco via Huerfano Peak. Besides the moon appearing between the double pinnacles at major lunar standstill, the sun rises between them every equinox as seen from the Piedra Overlook. Another example of astronomy is the summer solstice sun rising along the north wall of the Chimney Rock Pueblo as viewed near the great kiva. Beginning around A. D., 1050 people with Chacoan connections began living on the high mesa and appear to have watched the heavens closely.

February 20 Cathy Cameron will present a lecture on the Bluff Great House Project at noon at the School of

Nursing Auditorium, CU campus.

March 5 Executive Board, Boulder Police Community Room, 7:30 PM.

March 12 IPCAS General Meeting, 7 PM. Cathy Cameron and Steve Lekson. Topic: Bluff Great House.

During the summer of 1996, IPCAS members Steve and Cathy, began excavating an Anasazi site just over the Utah border near Bluff. The site includes the remains of a two-story community building, a great kiva, and a series of prehistoric roads, built during three separate periods. Although not as carefully crafted, the Bluff Great House is similar to structures in Chaco Canyon. The CU team has collected thousands of pottery shards that appear to date the site from about 600 A.D. to 1300 A.D. The 1997 season started the first week of June and was partially sponsored with a grant from the National Geographic Society.

April 2 Executive Board, Boulder Police Community Room, 7:30 PM.

April 9 IPCAS General Meeting, 7 PM, Doug Bamforth. Topic: Warfare on the Plains.

Doug will present information about archaeology at specific sites that provide information about

the battles and warfare on the prehistoric great plains. He warns that parts of the presentation get very gruesome (even horrifying) and attendees should be prepared for some intense evidence.

May 7 Executive Board, Boulder Police Community Room, 7:30 PM.

May 9 - 17 Archaeology and Historic Preservation Week.

May 14 IPCAS General Meeting, 7 PM. Dr. Payson Sheets. Topic: Joya de Cerén.

At the ruins of Cerén, a World Heritage Site, in a lush valley near San Salvador, corn cobs, thatch fragments, and carbonized beans are being studied. That wouldn't be surprising in the arid Four Corners, but in a tropical jungle/war zone for a bean to survive 1400 years required being buried under 16 feet of scalding, fine, wet, volcanic ash. Called a "New World Pompeii", Cerén is revealing Mayan pottery from AD 500-800, complete with finger-swipes indicating eating habits. Storerooms contained pots, tools, obsidian blades, 3 kinds of beans, seeds of cotton and cacao, corn, squash, avocados, palm fruits, chilies, nits, and the meat of deer and dog. Researchers conclude that the people of the region were living far better in AD 600 than they are today.

January Meeting

Twenty-five IPCAS members enjoyed Bob Powell's presentation on Mayan sites in the Oaxaca region of Mexico. It is always a pleasure to hear from Bob about one of his many travels. His large-format slides provided a dazzling set of images, both scenic and detail photographs of images and documents. Bob answered a number of questions about the region's archaeology, history, and current politics. He explained many of the aspects of the area's economy and travel safety, including a number of tips on "what-to-see-when".

CALUMET - February, 1998

Partnership Formed for Archaeological Excavations

YMCA Newsletter, Summer 1997

We initially saw the new archaeology displayed based on excavations of Snugglers Cove as the culmination of that segment of our work. We had enjoyed dabbling in archaeology. The museum would move on to other activities but typical of our little adventures involving the museum, nothing is simple. And we wouldn't have this fine story to tell...

This narrative is even more complicated than usual since it involves Lulie's family and their long standing relationship with the YMCA. Jack always jokes that he fell in love with her and married the Y, and this story will illustrate how he, an "innocent" bystander, got suckered in.

To tell the full story we must digress... In 1921, Lulie's grandparents, the Dorseys, built a cabin for the Y which they subsequently purchased in 1925. Located on a level bluff overlooking Wind River, Outlook Cabin has a magnificent 180 degree panoramic view. It even has two large rocks in the front yard. The Lookout Rock is on the very edge of the drop off to Wind River. The other, Big Rock, is an overhanging rock that looks like a lopsided mushroom.

Like many overhangs, Big Rock has a natural draw for campfires. Consequently, four generations of Lulie's family and their guests enjoyed cookouts under the rock. In the early 1960s, they even added a sandstone and cement barbecue. Lulie remembers playing cowboys and Indians under Big Rock with her plastic toys. She also recalls fantasizing about it being an Indian campground.

The summer before Lulie's mom died, Elizabeth tried her best to talk us into digging under the Big Rock. She was convinced it was a campsite like Snugglers, but as happens, we let both time and Elizabeth slip away.

After the cabin became ours, we continued to joke around about digging under Big Rock to see what popped up. We continued to put it off rationalizing that if nothing had surfaced over the last seventy-five years there wasn't anything there. Besides, Lulie was understandably hesitant about digging up the front yard. Last fall Jack began rethinking our conclusion when he learned that Native Americans utilized rock shelters even smaller than Big Rock. Lulie finally relented but qualified her decision with, "You can dig when there's a reason".

One sunny Sunday last January, we walked over to Outlook to see if the most recent hurricane force winds had dislodged anything. While Lulie completed her rounds Jack poked around under Big Rock. Sure enough, frost heave had thrust a single worked tool flake to the surface. Jack, proudly displaying his find, asked, "Is this reason enough to dig"? We returned several times over the next month finding several additional flakes.

In March we removed the remains of the family barbecue hauling out four generations of burned detritus. There were lots of old flashbulbs, nails, bottle caps, broken glass, etc. Later on, the experts told us the historic trash on top is as important to interpreting the site as the underlying prehistoric artifacts. We should have known that fact but we weren't thinking. So, off we went to excavate our trash pile.

Jack returned in early March, layout out a single one square meter grid. Equipped with trowel, paint brush, and sifting screen, Jack began excavating half the square down to 10 centimeters. Immediately, more tool flakes appeared along with burnt bone, grinding slabs (metates) and grinding stones (manos). The other half was taken down to 20 centimeters where more tool flakes appeared.

Knowing he needed help, Jack invited museum volunteer Jackie Johnson and her Daughter Kris Holien to come "play in the dirt". At random, they laid out two additional, one-meter grids adjacent to the first square. The inevitable tool flakes appeared. Then Kris, who is a trained Park Service para-archaeologist, let out a squeal of delight as a corner notched projectile point came to light. A little later, Jackie showed them some unusual stuff that appeared in the sifting screen. Upon closer inspection, it appeared to be burnt pottery shards.

Later that week, Park Service archaeologist Bill Butler confirmed our suspicions. We did have pottery shards. The corner-notched point would also date from about the same time. He concluded we were sitting on an undisturbed early ceramic period site!

CALUMET - February, 1998

Now, Jack knew he was in way over his head and needed professional help before proceeding. He contacted the Colorado Archaeological Society (CAS). They and University of Northern Colorado professor, Dr. Bob Brunswig, informed Jack that undisturbed early ceramic sites in Estes Park are as rare as the proverbial hen's teeth. Consequently, CAS has adopted Big Rock as one of its digs for the upcoming year. Dr. Brunswig, who excavated Snugglers Cove, has volunteered as lead archaeologist. CAS will provide additional, trained volunteers for excavations scheduled for September and October.

When Brunswig and CAS made a site visit they named Jack as the site director. We're not certain what all that entails, but they gave him a three-ring binder full of blank forms. Then they asked him if we had access to a copy machine and more three-ring binders. The Estes Park Center has agreed to provide food and housing for workers. Completing the partnership, we, as private landowners, will donate recovered artifacts to an educational trust for cataloging and display at the Dorsey Museum.

To complicate things further, another half-dozen sites have been located on YMCA property since Big Rock. Two were discovered by Y guest, Joby Sawyer. One is at the fire ring used by the hay-rides. The other is located on the opposite side of the grounds near the Upper Cookout! What amazes us is that this stuff has been right under our noses for eighteen years, Lulie's family for seventy-five, and the Y's for ninety years and no one saw it!

Dr. Brunswig plans a two-year survey that includes adjacent Rocky Mountain National Park. One hypothesis is that the Wind River drainage may be an before-unknown, major Native American migration route through Estes park, over Flattop, and into Middle Park on the Western slope.

The site has been registered as Big Rock 5LR2170. The number, 5, represents Colorado, LR stands for Larimer County, and 2170 is the site number. Big Rock is several feet deep, which means it could date back several thousand years. If the fall excavation yields significant data, the Colorado Archaeological Society will apply to the State Historic Fund for money to complete Carbon-14 dating and additional excavations.

So, you can see why this is another fine little adventure. Call it what you will, Divine Providence, the Midas Touch, luck, or fate, we have been blessed again by our association with the YMCA, its guests, and the Dorsey Museum. Now, do you understand our opening statement, "Can you believe they actually pay us to do this"?

Volunteer Opportunities for 1998

Is that "cabin fever" beginning to strike? Do you find yourself scanning the ground for unusual objects when you go for a walk? Do you catch yourself day-dreaming about last summer's archaeological project and the nice people you met? Well, hang onto your trowels, the list of 1998 projects is being compiled and here are some of the early entries. If you are interested in any of these projects, please call Tom Cree at (303) 776-7004 and he will get your name to the project supervisor.

Projects Sponsored by our Chapter

Project: Magnolia Survey

Location: Magnolia area between Boulder and Nederland

Date(s): May to October. Survey on occasional weekend days during the summer, weather permitting.

Description: We have the Magnolia Survey, a project involving a pedestrian survey and test excavations on mostly-private land. The Magnolia area is located above Boulder, on the way to Nederland. Preparations are being made for a lot of activity on this project in 1998, with follow-up investigations in 1999.

Project: Big Rock Site and Wind River Drainage

Location: Estes Park Private Property, YMCA of the Rockies, Rocky Mountain National Park

Date(s): May to October. Mostly weekends and some weekdays during the summer.

Description: This is a project with significant information for the archaeological record involving the movement of ancient peoples from the plains through the foothills and into the mountains. This project will have work into 1999 and, probably, into the year 2000. See the article that begins on Page 4.

CALUMET - February, 1998

Volunteer Opportunities for 1998

Projects Sponsored by our Chapter - Continued

Project: Cabin Recording and Evaluation for the National Forest Service

Location: Boulder County Mountains

Date(s): May to October. Survey on occasional weekend days during the summer, weather and snow-cover dependent. Records search and report generation performed on weekdays.

Description: Our chapter has a volunteer agreement with the Arapahoe and Roosevelt National Forest Service to perform Class III cultural resource inventories on cabins that have been relinquished back to the NFS. A report is generated on each cabin. Included in each report are: general area and site descriptions; photographs of the cabin and associated buildings; location map(s); results of a pedestrian survey for historic and prehistoric archaeological evidence; results of information searches in county, state, and federal records; and information searches in numerous libraries. Each report also includes completed forms for state site identification. It is the responsibility of the evaluation team to recommend disposition of the cabin, including whether the cabin should be nominated for inclusion in state or federal historic site registry. It takes one day or less to perform the field work (on the weekend) and another two or three days of effort (during the week) to perform the information searches. Each report requires about 30 hours to complete. The NFS, SHPO, team members, and the chapter library are provided with copies of each final report. The cabin survey project began in 1996 and will continue each year, well past the year 2000.

Other Projects

Project: Rock Art Recording

Location: Nature Conservancy Ten Sleep Preserve, Wyoming

Date(s): Probable date is June 27 and June 28, the weekend after Father's Day.

Description: Detail information is not available, at this time.

Project: 1998 BVAR Western Belize Regional Cave Project (This project will be listed only this one time)

Location: Belize, Yucatan Peninsula

Date(s): Field School: Session 1: 1 June to 26 June, 1998; Session 2: 6 July to 31 July, 1998

Description: The Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance Project will once again be conducting archaeological research within various caves in Belize, Central America in the summer of 1998. This regional study will involve sites previously investigated in the 1996 and 1997 seasons, including Actun Tunichil Muknal (Stone Sepulchre), Actun Uayazba Kab (Handprint Cave), a number of caves recently discovered, as well as a large surface site neighboring the caves named Cahal Witz Na (Place of the Mountain House). The archaeological material under investigation include elite burials, stone monuments, cave art and carving. The project will focus upon interpreting the role of caves in the culture of the ancient Maya. Dr. Jaime Awe of the University of New Hampshire was the first archaeologist to explore Actun Tunichil Muknal, and his preliminary exploration of this exotic cave site was featured in a 1993 National Geographic Explorer documentary film entitled, Journey Through the Underworld. Lectures will provide an overview of Maya civilization with a particular focus on ideology and cosmology relating to the use of caves by prehistoric Maya. Volunteers will have the opportunity to take educational excursions to other Maya sites in the area and travel through the beautiful countryside that Belize has to offer.

Due to the strenuous and dangerous nature of cave reconnaissance it is imperative that volunteers be in excellent physical condition and at least 18 years of age. Registration fees for the project are $950 U.S. per two week session or $1600 for the 1 month field school, which includes lodging, weekday meals, and transportation to and from the cave sites. Travel to and from Belize and incidental expenses are the responsibility of the participant. Academic credit may be obtained for the course through the University of New Hampshire. Two credit options are available: 4 credit hours for one session or up to 8 credit hours for the field school. Further details are provided in the application package. All interested parties should respond via e-mail to Cameron Griffith, CO-Director, at: BelizeMaya@aol.com

I O P L J

CALUMET - February, 1998

PAAC Courses

The Program for Avocational Archaeological Certification (PAAC) was established in 1978 by the Colorado Archaeological Society and the Office of the State Archaeologist of Colorado. PAAC is designed to be a educational program for avocational and professional archaeologists and provides a means for CAS members and other citizens of Colorado to obtain formally recognized levels of expertise outside of an academic degree program.

PAAC is supervised by a PAAC Board. The State PAAC Coordinator (Assistant State Archaeologist, Kevin Black) is responsible for course development, scheduling, and course presentation. Each CAS chapter designates a Local PAAC Coordinator (Morey and Janet Stinson) who is responsible for expressing group needs to the State PAAC Coordinator,

publicizing PAAC activities, organizing the arrangements for PAAC courses, and promoting the program.

The program is divided into two topic areas, Archaeological Survey and Archaeological Laboratory. Each topic area offers several levels of certification. Individuals completing the requirements for certification will be formally recognized as competent to perform the activities specified by each level, and will receive a certificate of expertise for each level of certification. A specified series of classes and field activities is required for each level of certification. Documentation of

these field activities will be evaluated by the PAAC Board. Individuals wishing to participate in the program without striving for certification may do so by paying the class fee but are not required to take the class examination.

Classes are held at each CAS Chapter in the Spring and Fall. The current classes include:

Introduction to Archaeology, CAS & PAAC (10 hours): Basic summary of the field of archaeology, common

terminology, and Colorado's place in North American prehistory.

Principles of Archaeological Excavation (20 hours): Covers the history of excavation in archaeology, developments in

excavation techniques, importance of planning and research designs, field procedures, recording & documentation, lab duties and report writing responsibilities.

Basic Site Surveying Techniques (25 hours): History of archaeological survey, site identification, formation processes,

survey methods, recording procedures, basic equipment usage, reading USGS topographic maps, goals and problems of archaeological survey.

Colorado Archaeology (20 hours): Covers the major periods and cultures of Colorado's prehistory, concluding with a

brief summary of historic period American Indian groups in Colorado.

Historical Archaeology (20 hours): Importance of historical archaeology, types of sites, sources of historical

information, key historic artifacts, Colorado history vs. archaeology.

Prehistoric Lithic Description and Analysis (20 hours): Stone tool technology, methods of manufacture,

morphological/functional analyses, and common tool classes in Colorado.

Prehistoric Ceramic Description and Analysis (20 hours): Ceramic technology, methods of manufacture,

physical/stylistic analyses, and basic Colorado ceramic characteristics.

Perishable Materials (20 hours): Value of perishable materials, information on preservation, varieties of materials, tool

classes.

Research Design and Report Writing (15 hours): Importance of archaeological research designs and reports, essential

elements of research design, and guidelines for archaeological reports.

Archaeological Dating Methods (10 hours): Relative and absolute dating techniques, sample collection, preservation

and care of datable material.

Field and Laboratory Photography (10 hours): Equipment and methods of archaeological photography, both in the

course of fieldwork and in controlled lab situations.

Rock Art Studies (20 hours): History of Colorado research, terminology, recording and conservation methods, ethics,

interpretive approaches, dating methods and overview of styles found in Colorado.

Designation of Properties to the National Register (no time limit): Independent work examining the roles of the State

and National Registers of Historic Places, and completion of an accepted written draft nomination.

Archaeology and Public Education (no time limit): Independent work developing an outline for an archaeological

presentation and delivering the presentation to interested groups.

Introduction to Laboratory Techniques (15 hours): Overview of the purpose of an archaeological laboratory and the

processing sequence for artifacts and other collected materials through a laboratory including receiving, sorting, routing, cleaning, cataloguing, conservation, analysis, reporting and storage.

CALUMET - February, 1998

Enrollment or additional details concerning the PAAC program can be obtained by calling Morey or Janet at (303) 530-7727 or on the Internet at http://www.aclin.org/other/historic/chs/paac/paac02.htm. The Spring class for the Indian Peaks Chapter begins on March 11th and will be Perishable Materials.

February 1 Colorado Springs Introduction to Archaeology, CAS, and PAAC

February 6-9 Pueblo Rock Art Studies

February 20-22 Colorado Springs Lithics Description and Analysis

March 6-9 Grand Junction Ceramics Description and Analysis

March 11 Boulder Perishable Materials (every Wednesday night until May 6)

March 21-22 Gunnison Field and Laboratory Photography

April 3-6 Montrose Rock Art Studies

April 24-27 Cortez/Dolores Lithics Description and Analysis

May 1-3 Alamosa Lithics Description and Analysis

May 15-18 Glenwood Springs Basic Site Surveying Techniques

May 29-June 1 Durango Historical Archaeology

June 9-18 Trinidad area Summer Training, Survey (dates of the PAAC Survey near

Trinchera Cave are tentative)

Membership Renewals

The following members have renewals due in February:

Carolyn Hansen, Tracey and Bruce Derheim, Elaine Hill, Roger and Nancy Markham, and Hal Ravesloot

The following members have renewals due in March:

Caryn Berg, Norma Boslough, Jim Chase, Jeannie Hamilton, Frank Hauke, Kris Holien, Gene and Kathy O'Barr, and Dock Teegarden

On The Internet

Five Points, New York City

This web-site, http://r2.gsa.gov/fivept/fphone.htm, provides a description of the urban archaeology that has been performed on a portion of the Five Points area of New York City. Numerous old photographs are combined with the photographs of excavations and artifacts to describe life in the notorious nineteenth-century neighborhood. Historical perceptions of the area are being challenged by the results of the archaeology. The site has a guided tour that provides historical perspectives, archaeological findings, and conclusions that can be drawn about the area.

The Mining Company

This site, http://archaeology.miningco.com/, provides an extensive amount of archaeological information. Maintained by K. Kris Hirst, the site is updated weekly. Featured articles and a Question and Answer column provide information about archaeology around the world. The site also has a calendar of events, links to other sites and even a chat room. Any interested person can subscribe to weekly e-mail magazines and notices from the site.

Human Skeletons and Society in Prehistoric Italy

http://www.arch.soton.ac.uk/Research/Italy/ is a site maintained by John Robb of the University of Southampton. John offers an overview of the study of 400 skeletons from 40 Italian sites. He uses color photographs and detailed descriptions of excavation and curation to show evidence of skull surgery, tooth removal, and violence. The excavations document sites from the sixth millennium to 300 BC. The web-site contains charts of the incidence of disease and treatment for the major periods covered by the excavations.

Our Web-Site at http://www.netone.com/~mlandem

Please take the opportunity to view the changes that have occurred on our web-site, the Colorado Archaeology Network. We support a copy of the Winter 1997 - Spring 1998 PIT Traveler, with state indexes. Currently, we support or connect to the information for CAS chapters at Denver, Pueblo, Fort Collins, Cortez, plus our own chapter news.

CALUMET - February, 1998

WHITE ROCKS REQUEST

Investigations have been ongoing at the White Rocks since the early 1920's. CAS members have been involved recording prehistoric and historic archaeology sites, being particularly active in the 1980's and 90's. The most recent effort has been to document all the graffiti -graphics and incised inscriptions - carved in the soft sandstone. Names and initials with and without dates are inscribed on the cliff face, in the fault zone area and along the sandstone terraces. There are only three known prehistoric petroglyphs, and these are on private property.

This research has resulted in a report prepared for the City of Boulder Open Space Dept. documenting the graphics, cultural history and previous work. It is now time to consider eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places. There are two steps to this - 1) assessment: meeting the criteria, and 2) nomination to the NRHP. If any CAS member is knowledgeable about this process, please offer your help. Thanks.

I may be the Professional Advisor, but I have not taken an historic property through this process. - - Jean Kindig - -

The Calumet - 10 Years Ago

Leni Clubb wrote an extensive article describing various geoglyphs, sighting stones, and trails in southeastern California. Included were numerous photographs, both aerial and close-up. Larry Riggs, vice-president and librarian, listed the numerous reports provided by the Bureau of Land Management for inclusion in our chapter library.

The Calumet - 5 Years Ago

The speaker for February, 1993 was Steve Lekson, with a presentation entitled Chaco Canyon and the Anasazi of Southwest Colorado. (Note: Steve Lekson and Cathy Cameron will be our presenters at next month's regular meeting). President Ann Hayes wrote about the radio-carbon dates from the prior summer's work at Arapaho Pass and Rock Creek. Rick Lippincott wrote an elaborating article on the early archaic hearth at Rock Creek. Anita McHugh, PAAC Coordinator, wrote about the Perishable Materials class that spring and CAS Certification.

Article Submission for Current Calumet

The deadline for Calumet articles is the 20th of the prior month. All members are encouraged to send information for inclusion in the Calumet, especially articles regarding projects and work performed by club members. E-mail attachment or a diskette containing WordPerfect or MS-Word files are best but typed or hand-written articles are always acceptable. Please include photographs, especially of club members, whenever possible. Send articles to Tom Cree, Calumet Editor.

December Executive Board Minutes

Meeting called to order on December 4, 1997 at 7:30 PM at the Boulder Police Department Community Room. Present: Avery, guest Bart Beverly, Braitberg, Holien, Landem, Montgomery, Morrell, Owens, Patterson, Reynolds-Burton, Shay, M. Stinson.

Secretary's Report: (Holien) November minutes approved.

Treasurer's Report: (Owens) Balance $1652.71.

Vice President's Report: January board meeting is rescheduled to Tuesday, January 6, 1998.

President's Report: (Landem) Magnolia Survey: Start-up scheduled for spring 1998. Nine volunteers signed up to date. CO-Chairs: Morrell and Montgomery. To begin permit work ASAP. Bart Beverly will do research.

Unfinished Business: Gifts to corporate donors are 3 original archeology sketches by Montgomery, framed with engraved brass inscription. Two corporate donors so far; another pending. IPCAS Membership List to be published in January CALUMET and the by-laws to be published in the September issue. General Election results: entire slate of Officers and Board Members was elected to serve in 1998.

New Business: Devils Thumb Report is out - Braitberg will make 15 copies to distribute. At next CAS Quarterly Meeting, Landem will propose to turn over the IPCAS Web Site to State CAS. Discussed fund-raising ideas: endowments, booth at Boulder Creek Festival, archeology tours. Reynolds-Burton shared information about a grant proposal she is writing to the Greenlee Foundation for developing curriculum in Boulder Valley School District for teaching the pre-history of North America. She would be using the Rock Creek trunks. Motion was passed to support and

assist with grant writing and references.

Meeting adjourned at 8:25 PM. - Kris Holien, Secretary -

January Executive Board Minutes

Meeting Canceled.

This newsletter is published monthly (except June and August) by the Indian Peaks Chapter, Colorado Archaeological Society. The views expressed in articles or editorials appearing in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the membership or the Executive Board of the Indian Peaks Chapter, Colorado Archaeological Society.

1997 Officers and Board Members

President Michael Landem (303) 499-9877 mlandem@netone.com

Vice-President Martha Patterson (303) 651-2596

Treasurer Dick Owens (303) 650-4784 rowens@creosintl.com

Secretary Kristine Holien (970) 586-8982 kris_holien@nps.gov

CAS Representative Sloan Schwindt (303) 530-5712

Professional Advisor Jean Kindig (303) 443-1702 archaeomom@idcomm.com

Project Information Laura Viola (303) 442-2019

PAAC Coordinator Morey/Janet Stinson (303) 530-7727 mstinson@cris.com

Internet Manager Doak Heyser (303) 678-5728 doak@indra.com

Calumet Editor Tom Cree (303) 776-7004 tlc@lanminds.net

Membership Director Mac Avery (303) 499-3455 averycompany@sprintmail.com

Board Member Michael Braitberg (303) 443-7190 mbrait@ix.netcom.com

Board Member Leni Clubb (760) 358-7835

Board Member Cheryl Damon (303) 678-8076 cherdam@compuserve.com

Board Member Ann Hayes (303) 494-3773 annhayes@compuserve.com

Board Member Ken Larson (303) 469-2228 kglarson@ix.netcom.com

Board Member Cindy Miller (303) 415-9564 cmiller@digitalglobe.com

Board Member Steve Montgomery (303) 443-4414

Board Member Jim Morrell (303) 652-2874 jmorrell@gateway.net

Board Member Hilary Reynolds-Burton (303) 530-1229 hilary@plugin.com

Board Member Donna Shay (303) 443-3273

Board Member Russell Smith (303) 776-5503 rdsmith@lanminds.net

Please check the club web-site at: http//www.netone.com/~mlandem.

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION - INDIAN PEAKS CHAPTER

____ Individual $25 / Year ____ New __________ Date

____ Family $28 / Year ____ Renewal

NAME ___________________________ TELEPHONE (____)__________

ADDRESS ________________________ E-MAIL ____________________

CITY _____________________________ STATE ______ ZIP___________

Please make check payable to: Indian Peaks Chapter, CAS

Mail to: PO Box 18301

Boulder, CO 80308-1301

When you join or renew, send a #10 SASE and you will receive a membership card, a member list, and a copy of our bylaws. You will receive the Calumet, our monthly newsletter, and Southwestern Lore, the quarterly publication of the Colorado Archaeological Society. And you will have opened the door to Colorado Archaeology.

CALUMET

Newsletter of the Indian Peaks Chapter

of the Colorado Archaeological Society

P.O. Box 18301

Boulder, CO 80308-1301

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